Crying while cutting your child’s nails? Not agreeing to wear certain types of clothes? Do you close your ears when you hear the sound of a mixer, don’t like being approached by someone, or always jump, whirl, punch things in the house? Seeing this, many parents ask, “Is this autism? Or is there some other problem?”
In most cases, these behaviours can be caused by “sensory processing disorder (SPD)” and Autism. The child’s brain interprets what is visible to our eyes, sounds we hear, and the feeling we feel when we touch, movements or feelings in the body a little differently. Due to this, even normal experiences seem very embarrassing and unbearable to them. In others, none of this may cause much response. Understanding this “sensory processing”, parents can respond boldly and help children in the right way.
Sensory processing disorder (SPD) is when the brain cannot properly perceive or adjust information about things around us (sounds, touch, light, etc.). Many children with autism have these types of difficulties. But not every child with autism should have SPD, and not every child with autism has SPD. Children can overcome most of these problems if they are recognized at an early age and given the necessary support and Occupational Therapy.
What is Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD)?
Every second, our brain receives a lot of information from the world around it. The touch of clothes brightness of lights, vehicle noises Food smells our body movements usually, our brain adjusts all this on its own and decides what to prioritize. But, the brain in children with sensory processing disorder does not understand these signs properly. Some feelings are very intense for them. Others are difficult to notice. Let’s look at an example: Can you concentrate if someone repeatedly puts torch light in your eyes and plays loud music next to it? These kids feel exactly that way when doing simple things like getting dressed or going into the classroom. Hence, these sensory problems in children with autism are not just about their behaviour. They have a profound effect on their studies, communication, meeting with others, sleep, eating habits and emotions.
We have not only 5 sense organs but – 8!
We all have generally heard of 5 sense organs (eyes, ears, nose, tongue, skin). But, a total of 8 sensory systems work to understand our world:
Sight (Vision): Seeing light, colours, movements and objects.
Hearing: Hearing sounds and their volume.
Touch: Clothes, feeling hot-cold, holding.
Taste: A variety of flavours, food preferences.
Smell: Smelling the fragrances, perfumes or dishes.
Body Balance (Vestibular Sense): Balancing the body, knowing movements, directions.
Body Status Awareness (Proprioception): Realizing where and how our body parts are, even if we don’t see them with our eyes.
Intimate touch (interoception): Sensing internal body signals such as hunger, thirst, and the thought of going to the bathroom.
Even if none of these systems work properly, daily tasks can become difficult for children with autism.
Overreaction (Hypersensitivity) vs actual unresponsiveness (Hyposensitivity)
Not all children with sensory problems are the same. Some react too much to every little thing, while others seem not to care.
1. Hypersensitivity (overreaction)
They feel any small touch or noise very intensely. When loud noises are heard, they close ears. Some children don’t like to wear clothes. Some children can’t tolerate bright lights. They insist on eating certain types of food.
Actually More information reaches the brain than their nervous system can tolerate, which is why they behave like that.
2. Hyposensitivity (very low response)
These children’s brains don’t get the signals properly, so they try to feel more. This kind of children are like.. Always whirling or jumping. They punch things and walls in the house. They want to hold on tight and hug. They put things in their mouth. They loves fast games. They have more tolerance for pain.
These behaviours are not meant to be disruptive. These are only children’s efforts to balance the signals their body needs.
Common sensory signs seen in children with autism
Each child is unique, but here are some common signs:
- Closing the ears even for the sounds heard daily
- Inability to look into the eyes and speak.
- Difficulty wearing socks, sandals or certain types of clothing.
- Making a fuss about eating because of the texture of food.
- Walking on the toes, constantly whirling or swinging, wanting intense games.
- Difficulty switching from one task to another.
- They respond strongly if accidentally touched by someone
Sometimes these behaviours may vary. For example, a child who listens to loud songs at home may not be able to withstand even the slightest noise in the classroom. This may be due to the atmosphere or surroundings there.
Why do children get angry/upset (Meltdowns) due to sensory issues?
What many do not understand is the “Sensory Meltdown”. Parents are worried about why children cry and scream so much for small things. Meltdown isn’t just a simple tantrum! There is a reason to change (for example, crying for a toy). But meltdown happens when the nervous system is too stressed to cope.
See how it goes: Stress/embarrassment starts – Sensory burden on brain increases – brain failure to perceive signs – fear, anger or crying – melt down (loss of control).
Some children may experience this stress during the times: Busy shopping malls, birthday celebrations, school Assemblies. when more people present in the house, bright lighting, pungent smells etc..
If these reasons are understood, parents can help children avoid getting stressed before they scream when they get angry.
How does it affect children at home and at school?
Sensory difficulties do not end with therapy classes. They continue to affect children throughout the day.
Problems at home: Dressing up, Bathing, Eating meals, Sleeping, Brushing
Difficulties encountered in school: Sitting in one place in the classroom Participating in group games Listening to the teacher amid noise.
Many people mistake these problems as childlike behaviour, but in fact, it is a problem caused by changes in their body.
How is sensory processing disorder diagnosed?
There are no blood tests or brain scans to detect SPD. Experts recognize this through children’s behaviour, their habits at home, parent interviews and specialized assessment tools. An experienced occupational therapist observes the child’s responses.
Parents are also asked a few things: Eating habits, sleeping patterns, daily tasks behaviour, and interest in school, interest in movement activities or games
What is the difference between SPD and autism?
SPD only involves sensory processing issues. Autism is a problem related to brain development. It includes communication, meeting with others, behaviours as well as sensory issues. A child may develop SPD even if they do not have autism. Also exist together.
Treatment options for this
The same solution does not work for every child. Treatment varies depending on the child’s problems.
Occupational Therapy: Children are trained through sensory integration techniques.
Awareness of parents: Therapists tell parents what precautions to take at home.
Changes in School: Making Small Changes in School Environment to support child.
Changing the atmosphere: Reducing noise and lighting in the house.
The main objective here is not to completely wipe out the sensory issues, but to help children live their daily lives happily and easily.
Simple things that parents can do at home
These are very useful for helping children:
Note the reasons: Realize that every time a child cries when they go to the supermarket, the sounds/lights there may be the reason.
Follow a time table: Do things the same way. If there is any change, tell the child first.
Reduce stress: Reduce sounds and lighting when the child is struggling.
Don’t force it: Don’t force them to experience things they don’t like. Give alternatives.
Be patient: Appreciate children for small changes. Don’t expect them to change quickly.
Children feel safe if the surroundings are calm and predictable.
Some fun sensory activities that can be done at home
These are simple and fun activities for kids:
Safe games with water Finger painting (colouring with fingers), making toys with clay, games that cross small obstacles, blowing soap bubbles, using a small trampoline to jump.
Observe what your child is doing and play those games to keep their mind calm.
Do’s and Don’ts by Parents
Keep a close eye on your child’s behaviour and habits. If there are changes in the daily routine, tell them in advance and prepare. Work with doctors, therapists and teachers. Set up a small space at home that will keep the child calm. Be very patient when the child loses control (Meltdown).
Don’t think that he is making a fuss just because he is a child. Don’t force them to do embarrassing things. Don’t compare your children with other children. Don’t neglect things that bother the child. Don’t expect every tip to work right away. Change is possible only by understanding and trying regularly.
When to consult a doctor?
If your child is experiencing the following problems due to these sensory problems, it is better to consult a specialist:
- Not eating or sleeping enough.
- Not being able to study in school
- Often severe anger/crying (Meltdowns)
- Inability to do daily tasks
- Avoiding social contact completely
Consulting a doctor early age will make your child will help identify the problem clearly and allow for proper treatment.
We are here
Every child with autism sees this world in a new light. Rather than calling their behaviour by some name, it is important to understand what the child is trying to tell us through that behaviour. If your family has these problems, getting proper advice from a doctor beforehand will be very beneficial for your child’s future.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) and Autism the Same?
No. Both are different. Children with autism may have sensory problems, but children without autism may also develop SPD.
Will these problems subside over time?
Yes. Many children learn to get rid of or cope with these problems due to proper therapy, good understanding, and appropriate changes at home.
What causes this stress (Sensory overload) in children with autism?
This pressure is increased by more sounds, bright lights, crowds, or accidental changes than the brain can tolerate.
Is Occupational Therapy (OT) Useful?
Yes. Occupational therapy allows children to learn how to cope with these sensory challenges and perform daily tasks in a calmer manner.
How do I know my child needs an assessment?
If these problems are affecting your child’s daily tasks, studies, speaking or family life, it is definitely better to meet a specialist. (Developmental Specialist or Occupational Therapist).
